A specification is an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, or service. ^[1] Should a material, product or service fail to meet one or more of the applicable specifications, it may be referred to as being out of specification;^[2] the abbreviation OOS may also be used.^[3]

A technical specification may be developed privately, for example by a corporation, regulatory body, military, etc: It is usually under the umbrella of a quality management system ^[4]. They can a...

A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is a diagram in the process industry which shows the piping of the process flow together with the installed equipment and instrumentation.

Contents and Function

An example of a P&ID.

A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the Inst...

A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly-used term for a PFD is a flowsheet.

Process design is the design of processes for desired physical and/or chemical transformation of materials. Process design is central to chemical engineering and it can be considered to be the summit of chemical engineering, bringing together all of the components of that field.

Process design can be the design of new facilities or it can be the modification or expansion of existing facilities. The design starts at a conceptual level and ultimately ends in the form of fabrication and construc...